Apparatus and methods for fixed dc bias to improve linearity in signal processing circuits

ABSTRACT

To maintain linear operation of a signal processing circuit, such as a low noise amplifier, a peak detector detects a peak of a signal associated with the signal processing circuit and compares the detected peak signal with a threshold. When the detected peak signal is greater than the threshold, a fixed current source biases the signal processing circuit to place the signal processing circuit in a different mode of operation. The signal processing circuit may thereby process a larger input signal while operating in an acceptable linear region.

The present application claims priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e)from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/539,878, filed Sep. 27, 2011,titled “APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR DC BIAS FOR LINEARITY IMPROVEMENT INSIGNAL PROCESSING CIRCUITS,” which is hereby incorporated herein byreference in its entirety to be considered a part of this specification.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention is generally in the field of semiconductors, andmore particularly, to dynamically adjusting biasing for signalprocessing circuits.

2. Background

Portable communication devices, such as cellular telephones, forexample, use signal processing circuits to process weak signals. Signalprocessing circuits, such as low noise amplifiers, for example, are usedto amplify weak signals, such as a signal captured by an antenna. Assuch, low noise amplifiers are often placed in the front end of areceiver circuit in a portable communication device. When using a lownoise amplifier, the effect of noise in the receive chain is reduced bythe gain of the low noise amplifier, while the noise of the low noiseamplifier itself is injected into the receive signal. Thus, the lownoise amplifier optimally boosts the signal power while adding as littlenoise and distortion as possible.

Low noise amplifiers and other signal processing circuits are oftenimplemented in one or more stages of transistors and other relatedcircuitry. In most applications, the operating point of the transistoris set by providing a bias current or voltage to one of the terminals ofthe transistor. A good low noise amplifier has a very low noise figureand is biased with a low quiescent current. In linear amplifiers, aninput signal gives a larger output signal which varies in proportion tothe input signal about the bias point without any change in shape.However, because a transistor is a nonlinear device, the transistoramplifier only approximates a linear device. For low distortion, thetransistor is biased so that the output signal swing does not drive thetransistor into a region of extreme nonlinear operation.

A constant bias current applied to the low noise amplifier can bias theamplifier to operate with a low noise figure and low quiescent currentand good linearity when no signal or small signals are present at theinput of the amplifier. However, when a large input signal is present,the amplifier can be driven out of the linear mode. This results ingreater noise and distortion to the information signal. Radio Frequency(RF) feedback in the RF path can be used to improve the linearity of theamplifier, but this negatively impacts the noise figure and the gain.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Systems and methods to sense the output signal of a signal processingcircuit, such as a low noise amplifier, and to dynamically change thebiasing current are disclosed. A peak detector that uses a low quiescentcurrent, such as approximately 100 μA, for example, monitors the outputsignal swing. In other embodiments, the peak detector monitors an inputsignal, an intermediate signal in the low noise amplifier circuit, orthe like. Once the monitored signal is greater than a threshold,feedback is applied to the bias circuit of the amplifier to dynamicallyincrease the collector current. The current from a variable currentsource increases gradually as needed to accommodate the input signal andkeep the amplifier operation in an acceptable linear region. The highercurrent density permits the amplifier to amplify a larger input signalswing prior to operating in an undesirable nonlinear region. Thisresults in low quiescent current and low noise figure when no or smallinput signals are present as well as good linearity performance whenlarge input signal are present.

In further disclosed systems and methods, a peak detector that uses alow quiescent current monitors the output signal, the input signal, theintermediate signal of a signal processing circuit, such as a low noiseamplifier or the like. When the signal is greater than the threshold,the peak detector switches a fixed current source into the amplifiercircuit to increase the biasing current to the amplifier. This alsoresults in low quiescent current and low noise figure when no or smallinput signals are present as well as good linearity performance whenlarge input signal are present.

In yet further disclosed systems and methods, more than one currentsource can be added to further permit the amplifier to handle a greaterinput signal and still maintain an acceptable linear operation. Theseadditional current sources can be controlled by a peak detector whichswitches the additional biasing current from a fixed current source intothe amplifier feedback circuit, in one embodiment. In anotherembodiment, the additional current sources can be controlled by a peakdetector which gradually adds additional biasing current from a variablecurrent source to the amplifier feedback circuit as the input signalincreases. In yet other embodiments, the additional current sources canbe a mixture of variable and fixed current sources.

The disclosed DC bias system and methods for improved linearity insignal processing circuits can be implemented on one or moresemiconductor die. The one or more die including the DC bias system canbe incorporated into a signal processing module, and the signalprocessing module can be incorporated into a product, such as acommunication device.

Certain embodiments relate to a circuit assembly comprising a signalprocessing circuit for processing an input signal, a peak detectorelectrically connected to the signal processing circuit where the peakdetector is implemented to detect a peak in a signal associated with thesignal processing circuit, and a variable current source electricallyconnected to the peak detector and the signal processing circuit. Thevariable current source is implemented to bias the signal processingcircuit to place the signal processing circuit in a different mode ofoperation when the peak is greater than a threshold so that the signalprocessing circuit may thereby process a larger input signal having adesired response.

According to a number of embodiments, a circuit assembly comprises apeak detector electrically connected to a signal processing circuit. Thesignal processing circuit is implemented to process an input signal andthe peak detector is implemented to detect a peak in a signal associatedwith the signal processing circuit. The circuit assembly furthercomprises a variable current source electrically connected to the peakdetector and the signal processing circuit. The variable current sourceis implemented to bias the signal processing circuit to place the signalprocessing circuit in a different mode of operation when the peak isgreater than a threshold so that the signal processing circuit maythereby process a larger input signal having a desired response.

In accordance with various embodiments, a method of biasing a signalprocessing circuit for linearity improvement comprises receiving a radiofrequency (RF) input signal for processing in a signal processingcircuit, detecting a peak in a signal associated with the signalprocessing circuit, comparing the detected peak with a threshold, andincreasing a variable current from a variable current source whichprovides the variable current to the signal processing circuit when thedetected peak is greater than the threshold. The variable current biasesthe signal processing circuit to place the signal processing circuit ina different mode of operation when the peak is greater than thethreshold so that the signal processing circuit may thereby process alarger RF input signal having a desired response.

Certain other embodiments relate to a multimode signal processingcircuit implemented in a semiconductor die. The multimode signalprocessing circuit comprises a signal processing circuit for processingan input signal, a peak detector electrically connected to the signalprocessing circuit where the peak detector is implemented to detect apeak in a signal associated with the signal processing circuit, and avariable current source electrically connected to the peak detector andthe signal processing circuit. The variable current source isimplemented to bias the signal processing circuit to place the signalprocessing circuit in a different mode of operation when the peak isgreater than a threshold so that the signal processing circuit maythereby process a larger input signal having a desired response.

According to a number of other embodiments, a bias controller isimplemented in a semiconductor die and comprises a peak detectorimplemented to detect a peak in a signal associated with a signalprocessing circuit, and a variable current source electrically connectedto the peak detector. The variable current source is implemented toprovide a bias current to the signal processing circuit to place thesignal processing circuit in a different mode of operation when the peakis greater than a threshold so that the signal processing circuit maythereby process a larger input signal having a desired response.

In accordance with various other embodiments, a multimode signalprocessing module comprises a multimode signal processing circuitimplemented in a first semiconductor die. The multimode signalprocessing circuit includes a signal processing circuit for processingan input signal, a peak detector electrically connected to the signalprocessing circuit, and a variable current source electrically connectedto the peak detector and the signal processing circuit. The peakdetector is implemented to detect a peak in a signal associated with thesignal processing circuit. The variable current source is implemented tobias the signal processing circuit to place the signal processingcircuit in a different mode of operation when the peak is greater than athreshold so that the signal processing circuit may thereby process alarger input signal having a desired response. The multimode signalprocessing module further comprises at least one of a prefilter circuit,a post filter circuit, a power amplifier circuit, a switch circuit, adown converter circuit and a modulator circuit implemented in a secondsemiconductor die.

Certain further embodiments relate to a bias module comprising a signalprocessing circuit implemented in a first semiconductor die. The signalprocessing circuit processes an input signal. The bias module furthercomprises a bias controller implemented in a second semiconductor die.The bias controller includes a peak detector implemented to detect apeak in a signal associated with the signal processing circuit and avariable current source electrically connected to the peak detector. Thevariable current source is implemented to provide a bias current to thesignal processing circuit to place the signal processing circuit in adifferent mode of operation when the peak is greater than a threshold sothat the signal processing circuit may thereby process a larger inputsignal having a desired response. The bias controller further comprisesat least one of a prefilter circuit, a post filter circuit, a poweramplifier circuit, a switch circuit, a down converter circuit and amodulator circuit implemented in a third semiconductor die.

According to a number of further embodiments, a portable transceivercomprises an antenna implemented to receive a radio frequency (RF) inputsignal and transmit an RF output signal, a transmitter implemented toprovide the antenna with the RF output signal, and a receiverimplemented to amplify the received RF input signal. The receiverincludes a signal processing circuit for processing an input signalbased at least in part on the received RF input signal, a peak detectorelectrically connected to the signal processing circuit, and a variablecurrent source electrically connected to the peak detector and thesignal processing circuit. The peak detector is implemented to detect apeak in a signal associated with the signal processing circuit and thevariable current source is implemented to bias the signal processingcircuit to place the signal processing circuit in a different mode ofoperation when the peak is greater than a threshold so that the signalprocessing circuit may thereby process a larger input signal having adesired response.

Certain embodiments relate to a circuit assembly comprising a signalprocessing circuit for processing an input signal, a peak detectorelectrically connected to the signal processing circuit where the peakdetector is implemented to detect a peak in a signal associated with thesignal processing circuit, and a switch electrically connected to thepeak detector. The peak detector is implemented to close the switch whenthe peak exceeds a threshold. The circuit assembly further comprises afixed current source electrically connected to the signal processingcircuit and the peak detector through the switch. The fixed currentsource is implemented to bias the signal processing circuit to place thesignal processing circuit in a different mode of operation when the peakexceeds the threshold so that the signal processing circuit may therebyprocess a larger input signal having a desired response.

According to a number of embodiments, a circuit assembly comprises apeak detector electrically connected to a signal processing circuitwhere the signal processing circuit is implemented to process an inputsignal and the peak detector is implemented to detect a peak in a signalassociated with the signal processing circuit. The circuit assemblyfurther comprises a switch electrically connected to the peak detector.The peak detector is implemented to close the switch when the peakexceeds a threshold. The circuit assembly further comprises a fixedcurrent source electrically connected to the signal processing circuitand the peak detector through the switch. The fixed current source isimplemented to bias the signal processing circuit to place the signalprocessing circuit in a different mode of operation when the peakexceeds the threshold so that the signal processing circuit may therebyprocess a larger input signal having a desired response.

In accordance with various embodiments, a method of biasing a signalprocessing circuit for linearity improvement comprises receiving a radiofrequency (RF) input signal for processing in a signal processingcircuit, detecting a peak in a signal associated with the signalprocessing circuit, comparing the detected peak with a threshold,closing a switch when the detected peak is greater than the threshold,and enabling a fixed current source to provide a fixed current to thesignal processing circuit through the switch when the detected peak isgreater than the threshold. The fixed current biasing the signalprocessing circuit to place the signal processing circuit in a differentmode of operation when the peak is greater than the threshold so thatthe signal processing circuit may thereby process a larger RF inputsignal having a desired response.

Certain other embodiments relate to a multimode signal processingcircuit implemented in a semiconductor die. The multimode signalprocessing circuit comprises a signal processing circuit for processingan input signal, a peak detector electrically connected to the signalprocessing circuit where the peak detector is implemented to detect apeak in a signal associated with the signal processing circuit, a switchelectrically connected to the peak detector where the peak detector isimplemented to close the switch when the peak exceeds a threshold, and afixed current source electrically connected to the signal processingcircuit and the peak detector through the switch. The fixed currentsource is implemented to bias the signal processing circuit to place thesignal processing circuit in a different mode of operation when the peakexceeds the threshold so that the signal processing circuit may therebyprocess a larger input signal having a desired response.

According to a number of other embodiments, a bias controller isimplemented in a semiconductor die. The bias controller comprises a peakdetector electrically connected to a signal processing circuit where thesignal processing circuit is implemented to process an input signal andthe peak detector is implemented to detect a peak in a signal associatedwith the signal processing circuit. The bias controller furthercomprises a switch electrically connected to the peak detector where thepeak detector is implemented to close the switch when the peak exceeds athreshold, and a fixed current source electrically connected to thesignal processing circuit and the peak detector through the switch. Thefixed current source is implemented to bias the signal processingcircuit to place the signal processing circuit in a different mode ofoperation when the peak exceeds the threshold so that the signalprocessing circuit may thereby process a larger input signal having adesired response.

In accordance with various other embodiments, a multimode signalprocessing module comprises a multimode signal processing circuitimplemented in a first semiconductor die. The multimode signalprocessing circuit includes a signal processing circuit for processingan input signal, a peak detector electrically connected to the signalprocessing circuit, a switch electrically connected to the peakdetector, and a fixed current source electrically connected to thesignal processing circuit and the peak detector through the switch. Thepeak detector is implemented to detect a peak in a signal associatedwith the signal processing circuit and to close the switch when the peakexceeds a threshold. The fixed current source is implemented to bias thesignal processing circuit to place the signal processing circuit in adifferent mode of operation when the peak exceeds the threshold so thatthe signal processing circuit may thereby process a larger input signalhaving a desired response. The multimode signal processing circuitfurther comprises at least one of a prefilter circuit, a post filtercircuit, a power amplifier circuit, a switch circuit, a down convertercircuit and a modulator circuit implemented in a second semiconductordie.

Certain further embodiments relate to a bias module comprising a signalprocessing circuit implemented in a first semiconductor die. The signalprocessing circuit processing an input signal. The bias module furthercomprises a bias controller implemented in a second semiconductor die.The bias controller includes a peak detector implemented to detect apeak in a signal associated with the signal processing circuit, a switchelectrically connected to the peak detector, and a fixed current sourceelectrically connected to the signal processing circuit and the peakdetector through the switch. The peak detector is implemented to closethe switch when the peak exceeds a threshold. The fixed current sourceis implemented to bias the signal processing circuit to place the signalprocessing circuit in a different mode of operation when the peakexceeds the threshold so that the signal processing circuit may therebyprocess a larger input signal having a desired response. The bias modulefurther comprises at least one of a prefilter circuit, a post filtercircuit, a power amplifier circuit, a switch circuit, a down convertercircuit and a modulator circuit implemented in a third semiconductordie.

According to a number of further embodiments, a portable transceivercomprises an antenna implemented to receive a radio frequency (RF) inputsignal and transmit an RF output signal, a transmitter implemented toprovide the antenna with the RF output signal, and a receiverimplemented to amplify the received RF input signal. The receiverincludes a signal processing circuit for processing an input signalbased at least in part on the received RF input signal, a peak detectorelectrically connected to the signal processing circuit, a switchelectrically connected to the peak detector, and a fixed current sourceelectrically connected to the signal processing circuit and the peakdetector through the switch. The peak detector is implemented to detecta peak in a signal associated with the signal processing circuit and toclose the switch when the peak exceeds a threshold. The fixed currentsource is implemented to bias the signal processing circuit to place thesignal processing circuit in a different mode of operation when the peakexceeds the threshold so that the signal processing circuit may therebyprocess a larger input signal having a desired response.

For purposes of summarizing the disclosure, certain aspects, advantagesand novel features of the inventions have been described herein. It isto be understood that not necessarily all such advantages may beachieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the invention.Thus, the invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner thatachieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taughtherein without necessarily achieving other advantages as may be taughtor suggested herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is an exemplary block diagram of a DC bias circuit for linearityimprovement in a signal processing circuit, according to a firstembodiment.

FIG. 1B is an exemplary block diagram of a DC bias circuit for linearityimprovement in a signal processing circuit, according to a secondembodiment.

FIG. 1C is an exemplary block diagram of a DC bias circuit for linearityimprovement in a signal processing circuit, according to a thirdembodiment.

FIG. 2A is an exemplary block diagram of a DC bias circuit for linearityimprovement in a signal processing circuit, according to a fourthembodiment.

FIG. 2B is an exemplary block diagram of a DC bias circuit for linearityimprovement in a signal processing circuit, according to a fifthembodiment.

FIG. 2C is an exemplary block diagram of a DC bias circuit for linearityimprovement in a signal processing circuit, according to a sixthembodiment.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary graph of responses of exemplary signal processingcircuits with and without a DC bias circuit for linearity improvement,according to certain embodiments.

FIG. 4A is an exemplary schematic diagram of peak detector and variablecurrent source for improving linearity in a low noise amplifier,according to certain embodiments.

FIG. 4B is an exemplary schematic diagram of peak detector and a fixedcurrent source for improving linearity in a low noise amplifier,according to certain embodiments.

FIG. 5 is an exemplary block diagram of a peak detector and multiplecurrent sources for improving linearity in a signal processing circuit,according to certain embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an exemplary process for improving thelinearity of a signal processing circuit, according to certainembodiments.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an exemplary process for improving thelinearity of a signal processing circuit, according to certain otherembodiments.

FIG. 8 is an exemplary graph of peak detector input power versus currentsource output current, according to certain embodiments.

FIG. 9A is an exemplary block diagram of a multimode signal processingsemiconductor die including an embodiment of a peak detector, a currentsource, and a signal processing circuit, according to certainembodiments.

FIG. 9B is an exemplary block diagram of a bias controller set having afirst semiconductor die including an embodiment of a peak detector and acurrent source, and a second semiconductor die including an embodimentof a signal processing circuit, according to certain embodiments.

FIG. 10A is an exemplary block diagram of a multimode signal processingmodule including the multimode signal processing semiconductor die ofFIG. 9A, according to certain embodiments.

FIG. 10B is an exemplary block diagram of a bias controller moduleincluding the first and second semiconductor die of FIG. 9B, accordingto certain embodiments.

FIG. 11 is an exemplary block diagram illustrating a simplified portabletransceiver including an embodiment of a circuit and method for DCbiasing a signal processing circuit, according to certain embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The features of the systems and methods will now be described withreference to the drawings summarized above. Throughout the drawings,reference numbers are re-used to indicate correspondence betweenreferenced elements. The drawings, associated descriptions, and specificimplementation are provided to illustrate embodiments of the inventionsand not to limit the scope of the disclosure.

FIG. 1A is an exemplary block diagram 100 of a DC bias circuit forlinearity improvement in a signal processing circuit 102, according toone embodiment. The signal processing circuit 102 receives an inputsignal 108 to be processed and transmits a processed output signal 110.

In one embodiment, the signal processing circuit 102 is a low noiseamplifier circuit, and the input signal 108 is, for example, aninformation signal received by an antenna of a communication device.Since the information signal received by the antenna can be very weak,or in other words, a signal with small amplitude or little signal power,the low noise amplifier amplifies the antenna input signal 108 toproduce an amplified output signal 110 for further processing by thecommunication device.

In other embodiments, the signal processing circuit 102 is a mixer, anintermediate frequency (IF) amplifier, a variable gain amplifier, or thelike.

The signal processing circuit 102 typically includes transistors 112, aconstant current source (CCS) 114, and a biasing circuit (BC) 116, aswould be known to one of skill in the art in view of the disclosureherein. The constant current source 114 provides a constant currentsignal to the biasing circuit 116. The biasing circuit 116 biases thetransistors 112 to set the operating point of the signal processingcircuit 102. The operating point is often set to approximate a processedoutput signal 110 with a linear response. For low distortion, the signalprocessing circuit 102 is biased with the constant current signal sothat the output signal swing does not drive the signal processingcircuit 102 into an unacceptable region of nonlinear operation whenreceiving small input signals 108. However, when the signal processingcircuit 102 receives large input signals 108, the signal processingcircuit 102 can be driven out of the linear region. The constant currentsignal from the constant current source 114 may be insufficient tomaintain the signal processing circuit 102 in the linear region forlarger input signals 108.

To prevent or reduce the occurrence of the nonlinear response by thesignal processing circuit 102, a DC bias circuit 100 dynamicallyprovides additional biasing current to the signal processing circuit 102for larger input signals 108. In an embodiment, the DC bias circuit 100comprises a peak detector 104 and a variable current source 106.

The processed output signal 110 of the signal processing circuit 102electrically connects to an input of the peak detector 104 to create afeedback loop for the DC biasing circuit. An output of the peak detector104 electrically connects to an input of the variable current source 106and an output of the variable current source 106 electrically connectsto a biasing input 118 of the signal processing circuit 102.

The peak detector 104 monitors the output signal swing from theprocessed output signal 110 of the signal processing circuit 102. In anembodiment, the peak detector 104 uses a low quiescent current, suchthat the low quiescent current of the peak detector 104 does notsignificantly increase the quiescent current of the overall signalprocessing block. In an embodiment, the peak detector 104 uses aquiescent current of approximately 100 μA. In another embodiment, thepeak detector 104 uses a quiescent current of less than approximately100 μA, and in a further embodiment, the peak detector 104 uses aquiescent current of more than approximately 100 μA. Preferably, thepeak detector 104 uses a quiescent current that is less than 10% of theoverall current of the signal processing block.

Once the monitored signal, which in the embodiment illustrated in FIG.1A is the processed output signal 110, is greater than a threshold, thevariable current source 106 provides additional biasing current to thesignal processing circuit 102. In an embodiment, once the monitoredsignal 110 is greater than the threshold, the current signal from thevariable current source 106 increases gradually as the monitored signal110 increases to accommodate the larger input signal 108 and to maintainthe signal processing circuit 102 in an acceptable linear region.

In an embodiment, the peak detector 104 compares the monitored signal110 to the threshold, and when the monitored signal 110 is greater thanthe threshold, the peak detector 104 provides to the variable currentsource 106 an input signal which increases or decreases approximately inproportion to the monitored signal 110. In other words, when themonitored signal 110 is greater than the threshold, the peak detectoroutput signal follows the monitored signal 110 such that when themonitored signal 110 increases, the peak detector output signalincreases and when the monitored signal 110 decreases, the peak detectoroutput decreases.

The threshold is based at least in part on the monitored signal. In anembodiment, the peak detector 104 compares the peak of the monitoredsignal 110 to the threshold. In another embodiment, the peak detector104 compares the average value of the monitored signal 110 to thethreshold. In yet another embodiment, the peak detector 104 compares theRMS value of the monitored signal 110 to the threshold. Examples of thecharacteristics of the monitored signal that can be used at least inpart to set the thresholds are amplitude, signal level, received signallevel, signal power, field strength, power level in dBm, dBw, dB, dBuand the like. In another embodiment, the peak detector 104 compares themonitored signal 110 to the threshold, and when the monitored signal 110is greater than or equal to the threshold, the peak detector 104provides to the variable current source 106 an input signal whichincreases or decreases approximately in proportion to the monitoredsignal 110.

The variable current source 106 receives the output of the peak detector104 and generates a variable current signal in approximate proportion tothe output signal of the peak detector 104. Thus, when the monitoredsignal 110 is greater than the threshold, as the monitored signal 110increases, the variable current signal from the variable current source106 increases and as the monitored signal 110 decreases, the variablecurrent signal from the variable current source 106 decreases. Thesignal processing circuit 102 receives the variable current signal fromthe variable current source 106 at the biasing input 118.

In an embodiment, the variable current signal from the variable currentsource 106 is added to the constant current signal from the constantcurrent source 114 of the signal processing circuit 102 and the combinedor enhanced current signal is applied to the biasing circuit 116 of thesignal processing circuit 102. In another embodiment, biasing circuit116 of the signal processing circuit 102 receives the variable currentsignal from the variable current source 106 and does not receive theconstant current signal from the fixed current source 114 when themonitored signal 110 is greater than the threshold.

The biasing circuit 116 uses the constant current from the constantcurrent source 114 and the variable current signal from the variablecurrent source 106 to bias the transistors 112 which sets the operatingpoint of the signal processing circuit 102 to accommodate the inputsignal 108 when the monitored signal 110 is greater than the threshold.In another embodiment, the biasing circuit 116 uses the variable currentsignal to set the operating point of the signal processing circuit 102.

In the above embodiment, the monitored signal is the processed outputsignal 110 of the signal processing circuit 102. In other embodiments,the monitored signal can be the input signal 108 to be processed by thesignal processing circuit 102, an intermediate signal present in thesignal processing circuit, or the like.

FIG. 1B is an exemplary block diagram 120 of the DC bias circuitcomprising the peak detector 104 and the variable current source 106 forlinearity improvement in the signal processing circuit 102, according toa second embodiment where the monitored signal comprises the inputsignal 108.

In the second embodiment, the input signal 108 to be processed by thesignal processing circuit 102 electrically connects to the input of thepeak detector 104 to create the feedback loop for the DC biasing circuit120. The output of the peak detector 104 electrically connects to theinput of the variable current source 106 and the output of the variablecurrent source 106 electrically connects to the biasing input 118 of thesignal processing circuit 102. The signal processing circuit 102, thepeak detector 104, and the variable current source 106 operate asdescribed above.

Thus, once the monitored signal, which in the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1B is the input signal 108 to be processed by the signal processingcircuit 102, is greater than the threshold, the variable current source106 provides additional biasing current to the signal processing circuit102. In an embodiment, the current from the variable current source 106increases gradually once the monitored signal 108 is greater than thethreshold to accommodate the larger input signal 108 and keep the signalprocessing circuit 102 in an acceptable linear region. In other words,when the monitored signal 108 is greater than the threshold, as themonitored signal 108 increases, the variable current signal from thevariable current source 106 increases and as the monitored signal 108decreases, the variable current signal from the variable current source106 decreases to accommodate the larger input signal 108 and to maintainthe signal processing circuit 102 in an acceptable linear operatingregion.

FIG. 1C is an exemplary block diagram 140 of the DC bias circuitcomprising the peak detector 104 and the variable current source 106 forlinearity improvement in the signal processing circuit 102, according toa third embodiment where the monitored signal comprises an intermediatesignal 142 from the signal processing circuit 102. For example, when thesignal processing circuit 102 is a multi-stage amplifier circuit, theintermediate signal 142 can be, for example, a signal between thestages, and the like. In another example, when the signal processingcircuit 102 is a series of signal processing blocks, such as anamplifier followed by a mixer circuit, or an amplifier followed by afilter, for example as would be known to one of skill in the art in viewof the disclosure herein, the intermediate signal 142 can be thejunction between the blocks.

In the third embodiment, the intermediate signal 142 of the signalprocessing circuit 102 electrically connects to the input of the peakdetector 104 to create the feedback loop for the DC biasing circuit 140.The output of the peak detector 104 electrically connects to the inputof the variable current source 106 and the output of the variablecurrent source 106 electrically connects to the biasing input 118 of thesignal processing circuit 102. The signal processing circuit 102, thepeak detector 104, and the variable current source 106 operate asdescribed above.

Thus, once the monitored signal, which in the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1C is the intermediate signal 142 of the signal processing circuit102, is greater than the threshold, the variable current source 106provides additional biasing current to the signal processing circuit102. In an embodiment, the current from the variable current source 106increases gradually once the monitored signal 142 is greater than thethreshold to accommodate the larger input signal 108 and to maintain thesignal processing circuit 102 in an acceptable linear region. In otherwords, when the monitored signal 142 is greater than the threshold, asthe monitored signal 142 increases, the variable current signal from thevariable current source 106 increases and as the monitored signal 142decreases, the variable current signal from the variable current source106 decreases to accommodate the larger input signal 108 and to maintainthe signal processing circuit 102 in an acceptable linear operatingregion.

FIG. 2A is an exemplary block diagram 200 of a DC bias circuit forlinearity improvement in a signal processing circuit 202, according to afourth embodiment. The signal processing circuit 202 receives an inputsignal 208 to be processed and transmits a processed output signal 210.

In one embodiment, the signal processing circuit 202 is a low noiseamplifier circuit, and the input signal 208 is, for example, aninformation signal received by an antenna of a communication device. Thelow noise amplifier amplifies the antenna input signal 208 to produce anamplified output signal 210 for further processing by the communicationdevice.

In other embodiments, the signal processing circuit 202 is a mixer, anintermediate frequency (IF) amplifier, a variable gain amplifier, or thelike.

The signal processing circuit 202 typically includes transistors 212, aconstant current source (CCS) 214, and a biasing circuit (BC) 216, as isknown to one of skill in the art in view of the disclosure herein. Theconstant current source 214 provides a constant current signal to thebiasing circuit 216. The biasing circuit 216 biases the transistors 212to set the operating point of the signal processing circuit 202. Theoperating point is often set to approximate a processed output signal210 with a linear response. For low distortion, the signal processingcircuit 202 is biased with the constant current signal so that theoutput signal swing does not drive the signal processing circuit 202into an unacceptable region of nonlinear operation when receiving smallinput signals 208. However, when the signal processing circuit receiveslarge input signals 208, the signal processing circuit 202 can be drivenout of the linear mode. The constant current signal from the constantcurrent source 214 may be insufficient to maintain the signal processingcircuit 202 in the linear region for larger input signals 208.

To prevent or reduce the occurrence of the nonlinear response by thesignal processing circuit 202, a DC bias circuit switches additionalbiasing current into the signal processing circuit 202 for larger inputsignals 208. In an embodiment, the DC bias circuit comprises a peakdetector 204, a switch 205, and a fixed current source 206.

The processed output signal 210 of the signal processing circuit 202electrically connects to an input of the peak detector 204 to create afeedback loop for the DC biasing circuit 200. An output of the peakdetector 204 electrically connects to a control input 220 of the switch205 to control the opening and closing of the switch 205. A fixedcurrent output signal of the fixed current source 206 electricallyconnects to a first switch terminal of the switch 205 and a secondswitch terminal electrically connects to a biasing input 218 of thesignal processing circuit 202 such that when the switch 205 is closed,the fixed current output signal of the fixed current source 206electrically connects to the biasing input 218 of the signal processingcircuit 202.

The peak detector 204 monitors the output signal swing from theprocessed output signal 210 of the signal processing circuit 202 anduses a low quiescent current as described above with respect to thesignal processing circuit 102. The fixed current source 206 outputs afixed current signal as would be known to one of skill in the art inview of the disclosure herein. The switch 205 provides a mechanism toswitch the fixed current signal from the fixed current source 206 intoor out of the DC bias circuit 200. The switch 205 can be implementedusing transistors, or other solid state fabrication techniques, as wouldbe know to one of skill in the art in view of the disclosure herein.

Once the monitored signal, which in the embodiment illustrated in FIG.2A is the processed output signal 210, is greater than a threshold, thepeak detector 204 enables or closes the switch 205 to permit the biasinginput 218 of the signal processing circuit 202 to receive the fixedcurrent signal from the fixed current source 206. The fixed currentsource 206 provides additional biasing current to the signal processingcircuit 202 to accommodate the larger input signal 208 and to maintainthe signal processing circuit 202 in an acceptable linear region.

In an embodiment, the peak detector 204 compares the monitored signal210 to the threshold, and when the monitored signal 210 is greater thanthe threshold, the peak detector 204 enables or closes the switch 205,which provides the fixed current signal to the signal processing circuit202. When the monitored signal 210 is less than the threshold, the peakdetector 204 disables or opens the switch 205 such that the fixedcurrent source 206 is electrically disconnected from the signalprocessing circuit 202.

In an embodiment, the peak detector 204 compares the peak of themonitored signal 210 to the threshold. In another embodiment, the peakdetector 204 compares the average value of the monitored signal 210 tothe threshold. In yet another embodiment, the peak detector 204 comparesthe RMS value of the monitored signal 210 to the threshold. In anotherembodiment, the peak detector 204 compares the monitored signal 210 tothe threshold, and when the monitored signal 210 is greater than orequal to the threshold, the peak detector 204 enables or closes theswitch 205, which provides the fixed current signal to the signalprocessing circuit 202. The signal processing circuit 202 receives thefixed current signal from the fixed current source 206 at the biasinginput 218.

In an embodiment, the fixed current signal from the fixed current source206 is added to the constant current signal from the constant currentsource 214 of the signal processing circuit 202 and the combined orenhanced current signal is applied to the biasing circuit 216 of thesignal processing circuit 202. In another embodiment, biasing circuit216 of the signal processing circuit 202 receives the fixed currentsignal from the fixed current source 206 and does not receive theconstant current signal from the constant current source 214 when themonitored signal 210 is greater than the threshold.

The biasing circuit 216 uses the constant current from the constantcurrent source 214 and the fixed current signal from the fixed currentsource 206 to bias the transistors 212 which sets the operating point ofthe signal processing circuit 202 to accommodate the larger input signal208 when the monitored signal 210 is greater than the threshold. Inanother embodiment, the biasing circuit 216 uses the fixed currentsignal to set the operating point of the signal processing circuit 202.

In an embodiment, the output of the peak detector 204 used to controlthe switch 205 also enables or disables the fixed current source 205. Inother embodiments, the peak detector 204 provides another output signalto enable or disable the fixed current source 206, in addition to theswitch control output signal, which controls the opening or closing ofthe switch 205. Thus, when the monitored signal 210 is greater than thethreshold, the peak detector 204 enables the fixed current source 206and closes the switch 205 to provide the fixed current signal to thebiasing input 218 of the signal processing circuit 202. When themonitored signal is less than the threshold, the peak detector 204disables the fixed current source 206 and opens the switch 205, whichprevents additional biasing current from the fixed current source toreach the signal processing circuit 202.

In the above embodiment, the monitored signal is the processed outputsignal 210 of the signal processing circuit 202. In other embodiments,the monitored signal can be the input signal 208 to be processed by thesignal processing circuit 202, an intermediate signal present in thesignal processing circuit 202, or the like.

FIG. 2B is an exemplary block diagram 230 of a DC bias circuitcomprising the peak detector 204, the switch 205, and the fixed currentsource 206 for linearity improvement in the signal processing circuit202, according to a fifth embodiment where the monitored signalcomprises the input signal 208.

In the fifth embodiment, the input signal 208 to be processed by thesignal processing circuit 202 electrically connects to the input of thepeak detector 204 to create the feedback loop for the DC biasing circuit230. An output of the peak detector 204 electrically connects to thecontrol input 220 of the switch 205 to control the opening and closingof the switch 205. A fixed current output signal of the fixed currentsource 206 electrically connects to the first switch terminal of theswitch 205 and the second switch terminal electrically connects to thebiasing input 218 of the signal processing circuit 202 such that whenthe switch 205 is closed, the fixed current output signal from the fixedcurrent source 206 electrically connects to the biasing input 218 of thesignal processing circuit 202. The signal processing circuit 202, thepeak detector 204, the switch 205, and the fixed current source 206operate as described above.

Thus, once the monitored signal, which in the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 2B is the input signal 208 to be processed by the signal processingcircuit 202, is greater than the threshold, the peak detector 204enables or closes the switch 205 to permit the biasing input 218 of thesignal processing circuit 202 to receive the fixed current signal fromthe fixed current source 206. The fixed current source 206 providesadditional biasing current to the signal processing circuit 202 toaccommodate the larger input signal 208 and to maintain the signalprocessing circuit 202 in an acceptable linear operating region.

FIG. 2C is an exemplary block diagram 240 of a DC bias circuitcomprising the peak detector 204, the switch 205, and the fixed currentsource 206 for linearity improvement in a signal processing circuit 202,according to a sixth embodiment where the monitored signal comprises anintermediate signal 242 from the signal processing circuit 202. Forexample, when the signal processing circuit 202 is a multi-stageamplifier circuit, the intermediate signal 242 can be, for example, asignal between the stages, and the like. In another example, when thesignal processing circuit 202 is a series of signal processing blocks,such as an amplifier followed by a mixer circuit, or an amplifierfollowed by a filter, for example as would be known to one of skill inthe art in view of the disclosure herein, the intermediate signal 242can be the junction between the blocks.

In the sixth embodiment, the intermediate signal 242 of the signalprocessing circuit 202 electrically connects to the input of the peakdetector 204 to create the feedback loop for the DC biasing circuit 240.The output of the peak detector 204 electrically connects to the controlinput 220 of the switch 205 to control the opening and closing of theswitch 205. The fixed current output signal of the fixed current source206 electrically connects to the first switch terminal of the switch 205and the second switch terminal electrically connects to the biasinginput 218 of the signal processing circuit 202 such that when the switch205 is closed, the fixed current output signal of the fixed currentsource 206 electrically connects to the biasing input 218 of the signalprocessing circuit 202. The signal processing circuit 202, the peakdetector 204, the switch 205, and the fixed current source 206 operateas described above.

Thus, once the monitored signal, which in the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 2C is the intermediate signal 242 from the signal processingcircuit 202, is greater than the threshold, the peak detector 204enables or closes the switch 205 to permit the biasing input 218 of thesignal processing circuit 202 to receive the fixed current signal fromthe fixed current source 206. The fixed current source 206 providesadditional biasing current to the signal processing circuit 202 toaccommodate the larger input signal 208 and to maintain the signalprocessing circuit 202 in an acceptable linear operating region.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary graph 300 showing the response of exemplarysignal processing circuits 102, 202 with and without a DC bias circuitfor linearity improvement, according to certain embodiments. The y-axisrepresents the processed output signal 110, 210 of the signal processingcircuit 102, 202 and the x-axis represents the input signal 108, 208 tobe processed by the signal processing circuit 102, 202. Trace 302represents an exemplary response of the signal processing circuit 102,202 without the DC bias circuit. Trace 304 represents an exemplaryresponse of the signal processing circuit 102, 202 with the DC biascircuit for linearity improvement.

For a small input signal A, both of the exemplary responses 302, 304fall within an acceptable linear operating range of the signalprocessing circuit 102, 202, as indicated by points C and D,respectively. However, for a large input signal B, the exemplaryresponse 302 for the signal processing circuit 102, 202 without the DCbiasing circuit falls outside the acceptable linear operating region, asindicated by point E, while the exemplary response 304 for the signalprocessing circuit 102, 202 with the DC biasing circuit is within theacceptable linear operating region, as indicated by point F. The DCbiasing circuit provides a linearity improvement 306 to the amplifierhaving the response 304 over the amplifier having the response 302.

FIG. 4A is an exemplary schematic diagram 400 of a peak detector 404 anda variable current source 406 for improving linearity in a low noiseamplifier (LNA) 402, according to certain embodiments.

The low noise amplifier 402 comprises a Radio Frequency (RF) input port408 for receiving an RF input signal to be amplified and an RF outputport 410 for transmitting an amplified RF output signal for furtherprocessing. The low noise amplifier 402 further comprises an inputcircuit 420, a constant current source 414, a biasing circuit 416, largeimpedance 424, an LNA core 412, and an output circuit 430.

The constant current source 414 provides a constant current to thecollector of the biasing circuit 416 which couples to the base of theLNA core 412 through the large impedance 424 to set an operating pointfor the LNA core 412 within an acceptable linear operating region forsmall input signals, as would be known to one of skill in the art inview of the disclosure herein. The input circuit 420 receives the RFinput signal from the input RF port 408 and sends the received RF signalto the LNA core 412 for amplification as would be known to one of skillin the art in view of the disclosure herein. The amplified output signalis sent from the LNA core 412 to the output circuit 430, where it istransmitted to the output RF port 410, as would be known to one of skillin the art in view of the disclosure herein. When the input signalincreases, the constant current source 414 may be insufficient to biasthe LNA core 412 to set the operating point in an acceptable linearoperating region, such as is indicated by the response 302 in FIG. 3.

In an embodiment, a DC biasing circuit 400 comprising the peak detector404 and the variable current source 406 provides additional biasingcurrent to permit the LNA 402 to operate in an acceptable linear regionfor large input signals, as is indicated by the response 304 in FIG. 3.

The peak detector 404 receives and monitors the amplifier output signalfrom the output circuit 430. In an embodiment, when the monitored signalis greater than a threshold, feedback is applied to the biasing circuit416 of the LNA 402 to dynamically increase the collector current. Thepeak detector 404 enables the variable current source 406. The variablecurrent source 406 produces a variable current which is approximatelyproportional to the monitored signal, such that when the monitoredsignal increases, the variable current signal increases and when themonitored signal decreases, the variable current signal decreases. Thevariable current signal and the constant current signal are combined andapplied to the biasing circuit 416 through a biasing input 418 to setthe operating point of the LNA 402 to accommodate larger input signalsand to remain in the acceptable linear operating range.

FIG. 4B is an exemplary schematic diagram 450 of a peak detector 454, aswitch 455, and a fixed current source 456 for improving linearity inthe low noise amplifier (LNA) 402, according to certain embodiments. Asdescribed above, the constant current source 414 may be insufficient tobias the LNA core 412 to set the operating point in an acceptable linearoperating region when the input signal increases, as is indicated by theresponse 302 in FIG. 3.

In an embodiment, a DC biasing circuit 450 comprising the peak detector454, the switch 455, and the variable current source 456 providesadditional biasing current to permit the LNA 402 to operate in anacceptable linear region for large input signals, as is indicated by theresponse 304 in FIG. 3.

The peak detector 454 receives and monitors the amplifier output signalfrom the output circuit 430. When the monitored signal is greater thanthe threshold, the peak detector 454 enables or closes the switch 455,which electrically connects the fixed current source 456 to the biasinginput 418. The fixed current source 456 produces a fixed current whichis received by the biasing input 418. The fixed current signal and theconstant current signal are combined and applied to the biasing circuit416 through a biasing input 418 to set the operating point of the LNA402 to accommodate larger input signals and to remain in the acceptablelinear operating range. In an embodiment, the fixed current source 456is enabled when the monitored signal is greater than the threshold. Inanother embodiment, the fixed current source is enabled prior to themonitored signal exceeding the threshold but is not electricallyconnected to the LNA 402 until the monitored signal exceeds thethreshold and the peak detector 454 enables or closed the switch 455.

FIG. 5 is an exemplary block diagram of circuit 500 for improvinglinearity of a signal processing circuit 502 for yet larger inputsignals, according to other embodiments. The signal processing circuit502 includes an input signal 508 to be processed by the signalprocessing circuit 502 and a processed output signal 510 resulting fromthe processing of the input signal 508. The circuit 500 furthercomprises a peak detector 504 and a current source 506. The peakdetector 504 monitors the processed output signal 510 to determine ifthe monitored signal is greater than a threshold. In other embodiments,the peak detector 504 can monitor the input signal 508, an intermediatesignal within the signal processing circuit 502, or the like.

A current source control signal 520 from the peak detector 502electrically connects to an input of the current source 506. In anembodiment, the current source 506 is a variable current source and thepeak detector 504 enables the variable current source 506 such that thevariable current source 506 produces a variable current signal that isapproximately proportional to the monitored signal 510 when themonitored signal 510 is greater than the threshold.

In another embodiment, the current source 506 is a switch electricallycoupled to a fixed current source which produces a fixed current signal.The peak detector 504 enables or closes the switch in the current source506 when the monitored signal 510 is greater than the threshold. Whenthe switch in the current source is closed, the fixed current source 506electrically couples to the signal processing circuit 502 through theswitch. In a further embodiment, the peak detector 504 also enables thefixed current source when the monitored signal 510 is greater than thethreshold.

The signal processing circuit 502 receives the current signal at abiasing input 518 which sets the operating point of the signalprocessing circuit 502 to accommodate the input signal 508, as describedherein. For yet larger input signals 508, one or more seriescombinations of current sources and signal processing circuits are addedin parallel to the series combination of the current source 506 and thesignal processing circuit 502. The additional signal processing circuitswith appropriate biasing from the additional current sources share thepower of the yet larger input signal 508 with the signal processingcircuit 502 to maintain the output signal 510 in an acceptable linearregion.

The circuit 500 further comprises a second current source 526 and asecond signal processing circuit 522 including an input signal 528 to beprocessed by the processing circuit 522 and a processed output signal530. An input of the current source 526 electrically connects to thecurrent source control output 520 of the peak detector 504 through aswitch 512 and an output of the current source 526 electrically connectsto a biasing input 538 of the signal processing circuit 522. The inputsignal 508 electrically connects to the input signal 528 through aswitch 514 and the processed output signal 510 electrically connects tothe processed output signal 530 through the switch 514. In other words,the series combination of the current source 526 and the signalprocessing circuit 522 is electrically connected in parallel with theseries combination of the current source 506 and the signal processingcircuit 502 when the switches 512 and 514 are closed. When the switches512 and 514 are open, the series combination of the current source 526and the signal processing circuit 522 is electrically disconnected fromthe series combination of the current source 506 and the signalprocessing circuit 502.

A switch control output 516 of the peak detector 504 controls the stateof the switches 512 and 514 such that the peak detector 504 closes theswitches 512 and 514 when the monitored signal 510 is greater than asecond threshold and opens the switches 512 and 514 when the monitoredsignal 510 is less than the second threshold.

The thresholds are based at least in part on the monitored signal.Examples of the characteristics of the monitored signal that can be usedat least in part, to set the thresholds are amplitude, signal level,received signal level, signal power, field strength, power level in dBm,dBw, dB, dBu and the like. The first threshold can be set to addadditional biasing to the signal processing circuit 522 to permit thesignal processing circuit 502 to operate in an acceptable linear regionwith larger input signals 508. The second threshold can be set to switchin the signal processing circuit 522 and current source 526 to maintainthe output signal 510 in an acceptable linear region for yet largerinput signals 508. In an embodiment, the second threshold isapproximately greater than or equal to the first threshold. In anotherembodiment, the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

In an embodiment, the current source 526 is a variable current source106, 406 and the peak detector 504 enables the variable current source526 such that the variable current source 526 produces a variablecurrent signal that is approximately proportional to the monitoredsignal 510 when the monitored signal 510 is greater than the secondthreshold. The peak detector 504 also enables or closes the switches 512and 514 when the monitored signal 510 is greater than the secondthreshold. The signal processing circuit 522 receives the variablecurrent signal at the biasing input 538 which sets the operating pointof the signal processing circuit 522 to accommodate the input signal508, as described herein.

In another embodiment, each current source 506 and 526 comprises a fixedcurrent source and a switch and operates as other fixed currentsources/switches 206/205, 456/455 described herein. The peak detector504 enables the fixed current source 526 such that the fixed currentsource 526 produces a fixed current signal when the monitored signal 510is greater than the second threshold. The peak detector 504 also enablesor closes the switches 512 and 514 when the monitored signal 510 isgreater than the second threshold. The signal processing circuit 522receives the fixed current signal at the biasing input 538 which setsthe operating point of the signal processing circuit 522 to accommodatethe input signal 508, as described herein.

The parallel combinations of current sources and signal processingcircuits 506/502 and 526/522, respectively, permit the circuit 500 toaccommodate the yet larger input signal 508 and to maintain the outputsignal 510 within an acceptable linear operating region.

In a further embodiment, one of the current sources 506 and 526comprises the variable current source 106, 406 and the other of thecurrent sources 506 and 526 comprises the fixed current source 206, 456and the switch 205, 455.

In an embodiment, the switch 512 can be optionally excluded from thecircuit 500 and the fixed current sources 506, 526 can be enabled by theoutput signal 520 from the peak detector 504 when the monitored signal510 is greater than the threshold. In another embodiment, the switch 512and the output signal 520 can be optionally excluded from the circuit500, and the fixed current sources 506, 526 are always enabled. When themonitored signal 510 is greater than the threshold, the peak detector504 through the output signal 516 closes the switch 514 to accommodatethe yet larger input signal 508.

In another embodiment, the switch 514 can be optionally excluded fromthe circuit 500 and the input signals 508, 528 are electrically coupledand the output signals 510, 530 are electrically coupled.

In another embodiment, more than one additional series combination of acurrent source and a signal processing circuit can be added in parallelto the circuit 500 to accommodate an even larger input signal 508 and tomaintain the output signal 510 within an acceptable linear operatingrange. In further embodiments, additional thresholds can be set toselectively enable additional series combinations of a current sourceand a signal processing circuit as needed to accommodate larger inputsignals 508 such that the signal processing circuit 502 maintains theoutput signal 510 within an acceptable linear operating range.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an exemplary process 600 for improving thelinearity of the signal processing circuit 102, 402, according tocertain embodiments. Referring to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 4A and FIG. 6, theprocess 600 begins at block 602 where the peak detector 104, 404receives the monitored signal 108, 110, 142, 410. At block 604, the peakdetector 104, 404 determines whether the monitored signal 108, 110, 142,410 is greater than a threshold.

If the monitored signal 108, 110, 142, 410 is less than the threshold,then at block 606 the process 600 decreases the variable current fromthe variable current source 106, 406. The process 600 then moves toblock 602, where the peak detector 104, 404 receives the monitoredsignal 108, 110, 142, 410.

If the monitored signal 108, 110, 142, 410 is greater than thethreshold, then at block 608 the process 600 increases the variablecurrent from the variable current source 106, 406 to accommodate theinput signal 108, 408. The process 600 then moves to block 602, wherethe peak detector 104, 404 receives the monitored signal 108, 110, 142,410.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an exemplary process 700 for improving thelinearity of the signal processing circuit 202, 402, according tocertain other embodiments. Referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, 4B, and FIG.7, the process 700 begins at block 702 where the peak detector 204, 454receives the monitored signal 208, 210, 242, 410. At block 704, the peakdetector 204, 454 determines whether the monitored signal 208, 210, 242,410 is greater than a threshold.

In one embodiment, such as is illustrated in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, 4B, ifthe monitored signal 208, 210, 242, 410 is less than the threshold, thenat block 706 the process 700 deactivates or opens the switch 205, 455.The process 700 then moves to block 702, where the peak detector 204,454 receives the monitored signal 208, 210, 242, 410. If the monitoredsignal 208, 210, 242, 410 is greater than the threshold, then at block710 the process 700 activates or closes the switch 205, 455. The process700 then moves to block 702, where the peak detector 204, 454 receivesthe monitored signal 208, 210, 242, 410.

In another embodiment, the peak detector 204, 454 further comprises asecond output electrically coupled to an input of the fixed currentsource 206, 456 to control the fixed current source 206, 456. Asillustrated in FIG. 7, if the monitored signal 208, 210, 242, 410 isless than the threshold, then at block 706 the process 700 deactivatesor opens the switch 205, 455 and at block 708 the process 700 disablesthe fixed current source 206, 456. If the monitored signal 208, 210,242, 410 is greater than the threshold, then at block 710 the process700 activates or closes the switch 205, 455, and at block 712 theprocess 700 enables the fixed current source 206, 456. The process 700then moves to block 702, where the peak detector 204, 454 receives themonitored signal 208, 210, 242, 410.

FIG. 8 is an exemplary graph 800 of current source output current versuspeak detector input power, according to certain embodiments. The graph800 illustrates the different approaches to increasing the biasingcurrent of the signal processing circuit 102, 202, 402. The x-axisrepresents the power of the monitored signal received by the peakdetector 104, 204, 404, 454 and the y-axis represents the output currentof the current source 106, 206, 406, 456. Trace 802 represents thevariable current signal of the variable current source 106, 406 andtrace 804 represents the fixed current signal of the fixed currentsource 206, 456.

Referring to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 4A and trace 802, as the power of themonitored signal 108, 110, 142, 410 received by the peak detector 104,404 increases above a threshold indicated by point A, the variablecurrent signal from the variable current source 106, 406 graduallyincreases. In contrast, referring to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, 4B and trace 804,as the power of the monitored signal 208, 210, 242, 410 received by thepeak detector 204, 454 reaches the threshold A, the fixed current signalfrom the fixed current source 206, 456 increases rapidly, approximatinga step function.

FIG. 9A is an exemplary block diagram of a multimode signal processingsemiconductor die 900 including a signal processing circuit 902, a peakdetector 904, and a current source 906. In one embodiment, the currentsource 906 comprises the variable current source 106, 406. In anotherembodiment, the current source 906 comprises the fixed current source206, 456 and/or the switch 205, 455. In an embodiment, the die 900comprises a silicon (Si) die. In another embodiment, the die 900 cancomprise a gallium arsenide (GaAs) die, a pseudomorphic high electronmobility transistor (pHEMT) die, or the like.

FIG. 9B is an exemplary block diagram of a bias controller set having afirst semiconductor die 910 including a peak detector 914 and a currentsource 916, and a second semiconductor die 920 including a signalprocessing circuit 922. In one embodiment, the current source 916comprises the variable current source 106, 406. In another embodiment,the current source 916 comprises the fixed current source 206, 456and/or the switch 105, 455. In an embodiment, the die 910 comprises asilicon (Si) die and the die 920 comprises a gallium arsenide (GaAs)die. In another embodiment, the die 910 and/or the die 920 can comprisea Si die, a GaAs die, a pHEMT die, or the like.

FIG. 10A is an exemplary block diagram of a multimode signal processingmodule 1000 including the multimode signal processing semiconductor die900 of FIG. 9A. The module 1000 further includes connectivity 1002 toprovide signal interconnections, packaging 1004, such as for example, apackage substrate, for packaging of the circuitry, and other circuitrydie 1006, such as, for example amplifiers, pre-filters, post filtersmodulators, demodulators, down converters, and the like, as would beknown to one of skill in the art of semiconductor fabrication in view ofthe disclosure herein.

FIG. 10B is an exemplary block diagram of a bias controller module 1010including the first semiconductor die 910 and the second semiconductordie 920 of FIG. 9B. The module 1010 further includes the connectivity1002, the packaging 1004, and other circuitry die 1006, as describedabove.

FIG. 11 is an exemplary block diagram illustrating a simplified portabletransceiver 1100 including an embodiment of the circuit 100, 120, 140,200, 230, 240, 400, 450 or 500 for DC biasing a signal processingcircuit, such as, for example, a low noise amplifier. The portabletransceiver 1100 includes a speaker 1102, a display 1104, a keyboard1106, and a microphone 1108, all connected to a baseband subsystem 1110.A power source 1142, which may be a direct current (DC) battery or otherpower source, is also connected to the baseband subsystem 1110 toprovide power to the portable transceiver 1100. In a particularembodiment, portable transceiver 1100 can be, for example but notlimited to, a portable telecommunication device such as a mobilecellular-type telephone. The speaker 1102 and the display 1104 receivesignals from baseband subsystem 1110, as known to those skilled in theart. Similarly, the keyboard 1106 and the microphone 1108 supply signalsto the baseband subsystem 1110. The baseband subsystem 1110 includes amicroprocessor (uP) 1120, memory 1122, analog circuitry 1124, and adigital signal processor (DSP) 1126 in communication via bus 1128. Bus1128, although shown as a single bus, may be implemented using multiplebusses connected as necessary among the subsystems within the basebandsubsystem 1110. The baseband subsystem 1110 may also include one or moreof an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) 1132 and a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) 1130.

The microprocessor 1120 and memory 1122 provide the signal timing,processing, and storage functions for portable transceiver 1100. Theanalog circuitry 1124 provides the analog processing functions for thesignals within baseband subsystem 1110. The baseband subsystem 1110provides control signals to a transmitter 1150, a receiver 1170, and apower amplifier 1180, for example.

It should be noted that, for simplicity, only the basic components ofthe portable transceiver 1100 are illustrated herein. The controlsignals provided by the baseband subsystem 1110 control the variouscomponents within the portable transceiver 1100. Further, the functionof the transmitter 1150 and the receiver 1170 may be integrated into atransceiver.

The baseband subsystem 1110 also includes an analog-to-digital converter(ADC) 1134 and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) 1136 and 1138. Inthis example, the DAC 1136 generates in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase(Q) signals 1140 that are applied to a modulator 1152. The ADC 1134, theDAC 1136 and the DAC 1138 also communicate with the microprocessor 1120,the memory 1122, the analog circuitry 1124 and the DSP 1126 via bus1128. The DAC 1136 converts the digital communication information withinbaseband subsystem 1110 into an analog signal for transmission to themodulator 1152 via connection 1140. Connection 1140, while shown as twodirected arrows, includes the information that is to be transmitted bythe transmitter 1150 after conversion from the digital domain to theanalog domain.

The transmitter 1150 includes the modulator 1152, which modulates theanalog information on connection 1140 and provides a modulated signal toupconverter 1154. The upconverter 1154 transforms the modulated signalto an appropriate transmit frequency and provides the upconverted signalto the power amplifier 1180. The power amplifier 1180 amplifies thesignal to an appropriate power level for the system in which theportable transceiver 1100 is designed to operate.

Details of the modulator 1152 and the upconverter 1154 have beenomitted, as they will be understood by those skilled in the art. Forexample, the data on connection 1140 is generally formatted by thebaseband subsystem 1110 into in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components.The I and Q components may take different forms and be formatteddifferently depending upon the communication standard being employed.

The power amplifier 1180 supplies the amplified signal to a front endmodule 1162. The front end module 1162 comprises an antenna systeminterface that may include, for example, a diplexer having a filter pairthat allows simultaneous passage of both transmit signals and receivesignals, as known to those having ordinary skill in the art. Thetransmit signal is supplied from the front end module 1162 to theantenna 1160.

A signal received by antenna 1160 will be directed from the front endmodule 1162 to the receiver 1170. The receiver 1170 includes low noiseamplifier circuitry 1172 including an embodiment of the circuit 100,120, 140, 200, 230, 240, 400, 450, or 500 for DC biasing a low noiseamplifier, a downconverter 1174, a filter 1176, and a demodulator 1178.

In an embodiment, the low noise amplifier circuitry 1172 comprises themodule 1190. In an embodiment module 1190 comprises multimode processingmodule 1000 including the multimode processing die 900. In anotherembodiment, the module 1190 comprises the bias controller module 1010including the bias controller die 910 and the signal processing die 920.In these embodiments, the signal processing circuit in the die 900, 920is a low noise amplifier.

In a further embodiment, the receiver module 1170 comprises themultimode processing die 900. In yet another embodiment, the receivermodule 1170 comprises the bias controller die 910 and the signalprocessing die 920. In these embodiments, the signal processing circuitin the die 900, 920 is a low noise amplifier.

The low noise amplifier circuitry 1172 amplifies the received signal.Further, in an embodiment, the low noise amplifier circuitry 1172 biasesone or more low noise amplifiers using the peak detector and variablecurrent source, as described herein, to improve the linearity of the oneor more low noise amplifiers. In another embodiment, the low noiseamplifier circuitry 1172 biases one or more low noise amplifiers usingthe peak detector, the switch, and the fixed current source, asdescribed herein, to improve linearity of the one or more low noiseamplifiers.

If implemented using a direct conversion receiver (DCR), thedownconverter 1174 converts the amplified received signal from an RFlevel to a baseband level (DC), or a near-baseband level (approximately100 kHz). Alternatively, the amplified received RF signal may bedownconverted to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal, depending on theapplication. The downconverted signal is sent to the filter 1176. Thefilter 1176 comprises a least one filter stage to filter the receiveddownconverted signal as known in the art.

The filtered signal is sent from the filter 1176 to the demodulator1178. The demodulator 1178 recovers the transmitted analog informationand supplies a signal representing this information via connection 1186to the ADC 1134. The ADC 1134 converts these analog signals to a digitalsignal at baseband frequency and transfers the signal via bus 1128 tothe DSP 1126 for further processing.

While embodiments have been described with respect to a low noiseamplifier, the disclosed systems and methods apply to any signalprocessing circuit, such as, for example, a mixer, an IF amplifier, avariable gain amplifier, and the like, as would be known to one of skillin the art in view of the disclosure herein.

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout thedescription and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and thelike are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to anexclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of“including, but not limited to.” The words “coupled” or connected”, asgenerally used herein, refer to two or more elements that may be eitherdirectly connected, or connected by way of one or more intermediateelements. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and wordsof similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to thisapplication as a whole and not to any particular portions of thisapplication. Where the context permits, words in the above DetailedDescription using the singular or plural number may also include theplural or singular number respectively. The word “or” in reference to alist of two or more items, that word covers all of the followinginterpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of theitems in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.

Moreover, conditional language used herein, such as, among others,“can,” “could,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” “for example,” “such as” and thelike, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understoodwithin the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certainembodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certainfeatures, elements and/or states. Thus, such conditional language is notgenerally intended to imply that features, elements and/or states are inany way required for one or more embodiments or that one or moreembodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or withoutauthor input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/orstates are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.

The above detailed description of certain embodiments is not intended tobe exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosedabove. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the inventionare described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalentmodifications are possible within the scope of the invention, as thoseordinary skilled in the relevant art will recognize in view of thedisclosure herein.

For example, the peak detector may be implemented to detect a signalless than the threshold, equal to the threshold or greater than thethreshold. In embodiments with more than one current source, the currentsources may be variable current sources, fixed current sources, or acombination of variable and mixed current sources.

For example, while processes or blocks are presented in a given order,alternative embodiments may perform routines having steps, or employsystems having blocks, in a different order, and some processes orblocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/ormodified. Each of these processes or blocks may be implemented in avariety of different ways. Also, while processes or blocks are at timesshown as being performed in series, these processes or blocks mayinstead be performed in parallel, or may be performed at differenttimes.

The teachings of the invention provided herein can be applied to othersystems, not necessarily the systems described above. The elements andacts of the various embodiments described above can be combined toprovide further embodiments.

While certain embodiments of the inventions have been described, theseembodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are notintended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the novel methodsand systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of otherforms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in theform of the methods and systems described herein may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit of the disclosure. The accompanying claims andtheir equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications aswould fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A circuit assembly comprising: a signalprocessing circuit for processing an input signal; a peak detectorelectrically connected to the signal processing circuit, the peakdetector implemented to detect a peak in a signal associated with thesignal processing circuit; a switch electrically connected to the peakdetector, the peak detector implemented to close the switch when thepeak exceeds a first threshold; and a fixed current source electricallyconnected to the signal processing circuit and the peak detector throughthe switch, the fixed current source implemented to bias the signalprocessing circuit to place the signal processing circuit in a differentmode of operation when the peak exceeds the first threshold so that thesignal processing circuit may thereby process a larger input signalhaving a desired response.
 2. The circuit assembly of claim 1 whereinthe signal processing circuit is a low noise amplifier circuit.
 3. Thecircuit assembly of claim 1 wherein the signal associated with thesignal processing circuit is the input signal, an output of the signalprocessing circuit, or an intermediate signal associated with the signalprocessing circuit.
 4. The circuit assembly of claim 1 wherein thedesired response includes maintaining the signal processing circuit inan acceptable linear region when the peak is greater than the firstthreshold.
 5. The circuit assembly of claim 1 wherein the fixed currentsource produces a fixed current signal.
 6. The circuit assembly of claim1 further comprising a second signal processing circuit, a secondswitch, and a second fixed current source, the second switch beingelectrically connected to the peak detector, the peak detectorimplemented to close the second switch when the peak exceeds a secondthreshold, the second fixed current source being electrically connectedto the second signal processing circuit through the second switch, thesecond fixed current source implemented to bias the second signalprocessing circuit when the peak exceeds the second threshold.
 7. Thecircuit assembly of claim 6 wherein the second threshold is greater thanthe first threshold.
 8. A method of biasing a signal processing circuitfor linearity improvement, the method comprising: receiving a radiofrequency (RF) input signal for processing in a signal processingcircuit; detecting a peak in a signal associated with the signalprocessing circuit; comparing the detected peak with a first threshold;closing a switch when the detected peak is greater than the firstthreshold; and enabling a fixed current source to provide a fixedcurrent to the signal processing circuit through the switch when thedetected peak is greater than the first threshold, the fixed currentbiasing the signal processing circuit to place the signal processingcircuit in a different mode of operation when the peak is greater thanthe first threshold so that the signal processing circuit may therebyprocess a larger RF input signal having a desired response.
 9. Themethod of claim 8 further comprising at least one of deactivating theswitch and disabling the fixed current source when the detected peak isless than the first threshold.
 10. The method of claim 8 wherein thesignal processing circuit is a low noise amplifier circuit.
 11. Themethod of claim 8 wherein the signal associated with the signalprocessing circuit is the RF input signal, an output of the signalprocessing circuit, or an intermediate signal associated with the signalprocessing circuit.
 12. The method of claim 8 wherein the desiredresponse includes maintaining the signal processing circuit in anacceptable linear region when the peak is greater than the firstthreshold.
 13. The method of claim 8 further comprising enabling asecond switch, a second fixed current source, and a second signalprocessing circuit to provide additional biasing when the peak exceeds asecond threshold, the second threshold exceeding the first threshold.14. A bias controller implemented in a semiconductor die, the biascontroller comprising: a peak detector electrically connected to asignal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit implemented toprocess an input signal, the peak detector implemented to detect a peakin a signal associated with the signal processing circuit; a switchelectrically connected to the peak detector, the peak detectorimplemented to close the switch when the peak exceeds a threshold; and afixed current source electrically connected to the signal processingcircuit and the peak detector through the switch, the fixed currentsource implemented to bias the signal processing circuit to place thesignal processing circuit in a different mode of operation when the peakexceeds the threshold so that the signal processing circuit may therebyprocess a larger input signal having a desired response.
 15. The biascontroller of claim 14 wherein the signal associated with the signalprocessing circuit is the input signal, an output signal associated withthe signal processing circuit, or an intermediate signal associated withthe signal processing circuit.
 16. The bias controller of claim 14wherein the signal processing circuit is a low noise amplifier (LNA)circuit, a mixer, an intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier, or avariable gain amplifier.
 17. The bias controller of claim 14 wherein thedesired response includes maintaining the signal processing circuit inan acceptable linear region when the peak is greater than the threshold.18. A multimode signal processing module comprising: a multimode signalprocessing circuit implemented in a first semiconductor die, themultimode signal processing circuit including a signal processingcircuit for processing an input signal, a peak detector electricallyconnected to the signal processing circuit, a switch electricallyconnected to the peak detector, and a fixed current source electricallyconnected to the signal processing circuit and the peak detector throughthe switch, the peak detector implemented to detect a peak in a signalassociated with the signal processing circuit and to close the switchwhen the peak exceeds a first threshold, the fixed current sourceimplemented to bias the signal processing circuit to place the signalprocessing circuit in a different mode of operation when the peakexceeds the first threshold so that the signal processing circuit maythereby process a larger input signal having a desired response; and atleast one of a prefilter circuit, a post filter circuit, a poweramplifier circuit, a switch circuit, a down converter circuit, and amodulator circuit implemented in a second semiconductor die.
 19. Themultimode signal processing module of claim 18 wherein the peak detectoruses a quiescent current that is less than approximately 100 μA.
 20. Themultimode signal processing module of claim 18 wherein the multimodesignal processing circuit further includes a second switch, a secondfixed current source, and a second signal processing circuit to provideadditional biasing when the peak exceeds a second threshold, the secondthreshold exceeding the first threshold.
 21. The multimode signalprocessing module of claim 18 wherein the first semiconductor diecomprises a silicon (Si) die, a gallium arsenide (GaAs) die, or apseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) die.
 22. Themultimode signal processing module of claim 18 wherein the peak detectoruses a quiescent current that is less than approximately 10% of anoverall current of the signal processing circuit.
 23. A portabletransceiver comprising: an antenna implemented to receive a radiofrequency (RF) input signal and transmit an RF output signal; atransmitter implemented to provide the antenna with the RF outputsignal; and a receiver implemented to amplify the received RF inputsignal, the receiver including a signal processing circuit forprocessing an input signal based at least in part on the received RFinput signal, a peak detector electrically connected to the signalprocessing circuit, a switch electrically connected to the peakdetector, and a fixed current source electrically connected to thesignal processing circuit and the peak detector through the switch, thepeak detector implemented to detect a peak in a signal associated withthe signal processing circuit and to close the switch when the peakexceeds a threshold, the fixed current source implemented to bias thesignal processing circuit to place the signal processing circuit in adifferent mode of operation when the peak exceeds the threshold so thatthe signal processing circuit may thereby process a larger input signalhaving a desired response.
 24. The portable transceiver of claim 23wherein the fixed current source is implemented to bias the signalprocessing circuit to place the signal processing circuit in thedifferent mode of operation when an average value of the signalassociated with the signal processing circuit is greater than thethreshold.
 25. The portable transceiver of claim 23 wherein the fixedcurrent source is implemented to bias the signal processing circuit toplace the signal processing circuit in the different mode of operationwhen a root mean square (RMS) value of the signal associated with thesignal processing circuit is greater than the threshold.